The Roman temples of Baalbek in eastern Lebanon, renowned for their architectural grandeur and historical significance, now face an uncertain future. Recent Israeli air strikes, notably targeting a parking area near this UNESCO World Heritage site, have raised alarms among archaeologists who fear that the current conflict between Israel and Hezbollah may lead to irreversible damage to Lebanon’s rich cultural heritage.
The destruction of Baalbek would represent an irreplaceable loss, emphasizing the site’s unparalleled status in Lebanon’s historical landscape.
Since late September, Israel has intensified its military operations against Hezbollah, conducting thousands of air strikes primarily across southern Lebanon and the Bekaa Valley. As these attacks expand into regions with significant archaeological value, including the ancient port city of Tyre, concerns about collateral damage grow.
Israel’s military asserts that its strikes are aimed solely at military targets. However, these locations are alarmingly close to significant archaeological sites. On October 23, evacuation orders were issued for neighborhoods adjacent to Tyre’s Roman ruins—an area rich with history dating back over 2,500 years and celebrated for its contributions to the Phoenician Empire.
Despite no confirmed reports of damage to the Roman structures in Baalbek or Tyre yet, local archaeologists express deep concern.
According to Joanne Farchakh Bajjaly, a local expert, the proximity of military operations raises critical questions about the neglect towards these ancient sites. She emphasizes that there are no military facilities within Baalbek itself.
The Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) maintain that they follow strict protocols to prevent damage to sensitive sites during their operations. They argue that any potential risk is carefully evaluated in their strategic planning.
As ordinary Lebanese citizens flee violence, some have sought refuge near the ancient ruins, mistakenly believing these historical sites would not be targeted. This misguided sense of safety has prompted warnings from local officials against seeking shelter at such locations.
Erez Ben-Yosef, an Israeli archaeologist, highlights the cultural implications of potential war damage: not only would it devastate Lebanese heritage but also impact global history.
Experts like Graham Philip from Durham University caution against underestimating the risks posed by modern warfare to ancient treasures. While he believes there is no intent behind targeting Baalbek or similar sites, he acknowledges the danger posed by stray munitions.
As conflicts escalate in both Lebanon and Gaza—where recent surveys indicate 69 cultural heritage sites have already suffered damage—the fate of such irreplaceable historical landmarks hangs in the balance.
In a world increasingly defined by conflict and loss, safeguarding our shared heritage remains a critical challenge that transcends borders and ideologies.
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